中文摘要：

目的探讨颅脑损伤患者术后医院感染病原菌特点、耐药性,为其为预防、治疗其感染提供参考依据。方法收集2009年3月-2013年3月201例颅脑损伤患者临床资料,记录患者医院感染发生率及发生部位,并分析病原菌种类和耐药性,采用SPSS17.0软件进行统计分析。结果 201例患者中共有38例发生医院感染,感染率为18.91%;感染部位以呼吸系统为主,共13例占34.21%;共分离出59株病原菌,以革兰阴性菌为主,共36株占61.02%;其对常用抗菌药物均显示出较强的耐药性,其中对头孢哌酮、头孢唑林、庆大霉素的耐药率均〉60.0%。结论颅脑损伤患者术后医院感染病原菌主要是革兰阴性菌,根据药敏试验选择合适抗菌药物有助于预防、治疗术后感染的发生。

英文摘要：

OBJECTIVE To explore the pathogenic bacteria characteristics and prevention strategies of nosocomial infections in patients with craniocerebral injury after operation,so as to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of the infections.METHODS The clinical data of 201 cases of craniocerebral injury patients in our hospital from Mar.2009 to Mar.2013 were collected.The incidence of nosocomial infections and infection sites were recorded.The types of pathogenic bacteria and their drug resistance were analyzed.All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 17.0software.RESULTS Totally 38 cases in the all 201 patients appeared hospital infections and the infection rate was 18.91%.Respiratory system was prone to be infected and 13 cases suffered from respiratory system infections,accounting for 34.21%.And a total of 59 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated,including 36 strains of gram-negative bacteria,which accounted for 61.20%.Gram-negative bacteria were found to be highly resistant to common antibiotics,especially cefoperazone,cefazolin and gentamicin with the drug resistance rate of more than 60.0%.CONCLUSION Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogenic bacteria which caused nosocomial infections in patients with craniocerebral injury.Antibiotics should be carefully chosen according to drug sensitive test so as to prevent and cure the postoperative infections.