中文摘要：

目的 探讨美洲大蠊不同时期抗原成份分析以及特异性抗原组分鉴定。方法 本文通过采用Coca＇s提取液提取得到美洲大蠊粗浸液抗原，通过饱和（NH4）2SO4沉淀以及十二烷基磺酸钠聚丙酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PASE）。对其抗原成份进行分析，并选用对蟑螂过敏性疾病患者阳性血清进行免疫印迹试验（Western-blotting）。结果 美洲大蠊成虫、若虫、幼虫、虫卵生活史不同时期及不同部位抗原各有不同数量的蛋白条带，但生活史各阶段均出现6条蛋白主带。分别为：92、78、66、56、52和40kD。免疫印迹显示其92、78、49和26kD为美洲大蠊成虫特异性变应原。其中78kD是主要变应原。结论 美洲大蠊78kD蛋白为主要变应原。92、49和26kD为次要变应原，本研究为蟑螂变应原诊断试剂和疫苗的研制奠定了基础。

英文摘要：

The crude extract was obtained from Periplaneta americana of different phases of their life（male or female adults, larvae and eggs） through extraction with Coca＇s solution, its allergens were analyzed with SDS-PAGE after precipitation with saturated （NH4）SO4 solution and finally were further identified with Western blotting using sera of patients allergic to P. americana. It was demonstrated that the protein composition of the crude P. americana extracts was quite different at different life cycle of cockroach. However, there were 6 common protein bands in all the life periods, with the molecular weights of 92, 78,66, 56,52 and 40 kDa respectively. As shown by Western blotting, 4 allergens with molecular weight of 92, 78, 49 and 26 kDa respectively were proved to be the specific allergens of P. americana, in which the 78 kDa protein was identified as the main allergen. The results of the present study can provide a base for the preparation of the diagnostic reagents and vaccine against allergic disease.