中文摘要：

哮喘是最为常见的复杂疾病，哮喘的发病既有遗传因素，也有环境风险因素的作用。哮喘病因学的研究有助于理解哮喘的发病途径。已有研究主要采用全基因组连锁分析和候选基因关联研究方法，发现大量与哮喘有关的易患基因及相关位点。未来研究的重点在于开发更优手段，对哮喘易患基因及表型特异的单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）位点进行精确定位，澄清哮喘的发病机制，从而最终为疾病的预防、诊断和治疗服务。该文仅对目前哮喘易患基因的研究方法、易患基因进行综述。

英文摘要：

Asthma is a complex genetic disorder with complex etiologies involving both genetic and envi- ronmental factors. Studies of the genetic etiology of asthma offer a way of improving our understanding of its pathogenesis. Numerous loci and candidate genes have been reported to show linkage and association to asth- ma, relying primarily on two approaches ： genome wide linkage studies and candidate-gene association studies. The next step is to develop approaches capable of identifying the exact candidate genes in asthma, with the goal of improving preventive strategies, diagnostic tools, and therapies. Here reviews the current state of the methodology and susceptible genes of asthma.