中文摘要：

本文以土地盐渍化和风沙化较为严重的新疆艾比湖地区为研究对象,以1990年、2001年和2011年3期Landsat-TM多光谱遥感数据为基础数据源,对当前3种主流分类算法即最大似然分类法（MLC）、决策树分类法（TDC）和支持向量机分类法（SVM）进行优选,生成研究区景观格局图。利用GIS技术和景观生态学方法,运用类型水平和景观水平2个方面上的景观格局指数,对比研究艾比湖地区近20年的生态景观格局空间演变特点,研究结果表明：（1）应用SVM分类方法的精度最高,因此选择SVM分类结果对研究区的景观格局及动态变化进行分析,1990年、2001年及2011年总分类精度分别为97.312 3%、92.778 2%、95.082 1%。Kappa系数分别为0.963 2、0.884 2、0.918 7;（2）艾比湖地区近20年的耕地、盐渍地和沙地面积呈现增加趋势,其中盐渍地增加最多,为374.471 4km~2;而林地、草地、水域和其他地类面积总体呈减小趋势,草地减少最为明显,为366.868 8km~2。（3）研究区景观在研究时段有着明显的差异。总体而言,研究区景观的密度、最大斑块指数、分离度指数、香农多样性指数和香农均匀度指数呈增大趋势,面积加权指数、斑块平均最近距离指数、蔓延度指数、散布与并列指数和斑块结合度指数呈持续减小的趋势。随着研究区景观的破碎度不断增加,多样性程度不断加深,均匀度增强,各景观的分布在较短的时期内趋于稳定,说明研究区景观向着多元化、均匀化方向发展。

英文摘要：

Knowing the changes of ecological landscape in lake areas of arid region is of particular importance to monitor land use change and adjust land use strategies.The current study focuses on Ebinur Lake region,Xinjiang,which suffers from severe salinization and desertification in recent years,to generate land use changing maps using Landsat-TM multispectral images of 1990,2001 and 2011.Three commonly used classification approaches were compared,i.e.,Maximum Likelihood Classification（MLC）,Decision Tree Classification（DTC）,and Support Vector Machine（SVM）,to generate landscape metrics for stndying the landscape change during the past two decades in Ebinur Lake area.Three findings emerge from the study.First,among the three classification approaches,SVM produces the most accurate classification.For the year of 1990,2001,and 2011,the classification accuracy rates are 97.312 3%,97.778 2%,and 95.082 1%,respectively,Kappa coefficients are 0.963 2,0.884 2,and0.918 7,respectively.Second,for the past two decades,salinized and desertified lands are increasing drastically（salinized land increased 374.471 4km~2）,along with increased cultivated land.While forest,grassland,water body and other land use types decrease in the same period,with grassland lost over366.868 8km~2.Third,there is a significant landscape difference among different periods.In general,calculated landscape metrics such as landscape density,maximum patch index,isolation index,Shannon diversity index and Shannon evenness index are increasing during the two decades.On the other hand,area weighted index,mean patch distance index,contagion index,interspersion juxtaposition index and patch cohesion index are decreasing.It seems that the landscape of study area becomes more fragmented during the study period,which leads to relatively higher diversity,and more even distribution of various land use types.Our study results also suggest that the current landscape distribution is relatively stable and even.However,the increasing salinization and desertifica