中文摘要：

为了解武汉市春节期间PM2.5的污染水平、化学组成与污染来源,于2012年1月16日-2月10日在武汉市内某居住区和科教区分别设置了采样点,同时采集了PM_（2.5）样品并利用离子色谱分析了样品中主要的水溶性无机阴阳离子。结果表明,采样期间PM2.5呈较高污染水平,2个采样点日均质量浓度范围分别为85.89-186.65μg/m^3和71.78-217.27μg/m^3,且春节期间明显高于春节前后时间段;PM2.5的浓度峰值分别出现在除夕、元宵节等烟花爆竹集中燃放的民俗日。SO4^2-、NO3^-和NH4^＋是PM2.5中主要的水溶性无机离子,分别约占总离子比重的47%、24%和10%。相比于春节前后时间段,F^-、NO3^-、SO4^2-、NH4^＋、K^＋的质量浓度在春节期间均有显著增加,显示烟花爆竹燃放对离子组成有强影响;K^＋、Mg^2＋、Cl^-的浓度在居住区增加显著而在科教区则未有明显变化,表明烟花爆竹的种类也可能是影响离子组成特征的重要因素。离子相关性分析结果表明,烟花爆竹燃放源为春节期间PM2.5中水溶性无机离子的主要来源。

英文摘要：

To investigate the chemical components,pollution levels and sources of PM_（2.5）during Spring Festival in Wuhan,PM2.5samples were respectively collected in a residential and a science-educational district in January 16~February 10,2012.The major components of water-soluble inorganic ions in PM2.5were analyzed by ion chromatography. The results showed that the mass concentration of PM_（2.5）was 85.89~186.65 μg/m^3 in residential district and 71.78~217.27 μg/m^3 in science-educational district. Relatively high pollution levels were observed during the sampling time,while the air quality was worse in Spring Festival than before and after that time. The highest concentrations of PM2.）were monitored in some traditional folk culture days,in which fireworks and crackers were set off intensively. The dominant water-soluble ion components in PM2.5were SO4^2-,NO3^-,NH4^＋,and contributed around 47%,24%,10% of the total ion mass concentration. The conversion of gaseous SO2 and NO2 to secondary SO4^2-and NO3^-particulate components by a heterogeneous chemical process was evidently through the high values of the sulfur oxidation ratio and nitrogen oxidation ratio,and this also led to the acidity of PM2.5samples. The mass concentrations of F-,NO3^-,SO4^2-,NH4^＋,K^＋ increased markedly during Spring Festival,indicating a strong influence of the fireworks burning on the ion components. The concentrations of K^＋,Mg^2＋,Cl^- were observed to increase only in residential district but not in science-educational district,which implied that the types of fireworks and crackers could also play an important role in the variances of the ion components. Ion correlation analysis indicated that the sustained coal-burning source and the fireworks burning source were the major pollution sources of water-soluble inorganic ions in PM2.5.