中文摘要：

融雪径流模型的研究对洪、旱灾害的监测与预报，对水文水资源的管理都具有重要的实用价值。本丈设计和构建了一个基于“3S”技术和DEM技术的分布式融雪径流模型，整个分布式融雪模型的计算基于能量平衡和水量平衡，由分布式栅格融雪过程到分布式橱格产流，最后是基于GIS的橱格汇流过程。融雪以及产汇流过程全部基于橱格尺度，全面实现了模型的分布式特性并具有严格的物理机制。文中提出了“单元时段”的重要概念，从而得到了“度分融雪模型”，为水文时间尺度转换难题的解决提供了新的思路；针对融雪过程中颇为复杂的冻融反复性难题提出了旨在解释积雪冻融反复性物理机制的“冻融系数”的重要概念，对于准确把握融雪过程的物理机制具有重要意义。另外，开发了B／S与C／S相结合的分布式融雪径流模拟系统，利用获取的大量实测、遥感以及气象等资料，基于橱格尺度全面实现了模型的算法，完成了对融雪径流的可视化、可控性模拟。最后。对典型研究区新疆军塘湖流域2006年春季融雪期（2006年3月6日11：00—2006年3月10日11：00的洪水过程进行了模拟．模拟结果精度较高。平均相对误差在0．18以下，达到了融雪洪水预警预报的业务需求。

英文摘要：

Modeling snowmelt runoff is important for monitoring and forecasting disaster of flood and drought as well as water resource management. In Xinjiang, a typical inland arid ecosystem in western China, snowmeh water is the most important freshwater resource. Accurately simulating snowmelt runoff can provide useful information for water resource management in the arid ecosystem. In this paper, we intend to design and develop a distributed snowmeh-runoff model based on ＂3S＂ and digital elevation model （DEM）. The distributed snowmeh-runoff model is based on energy balance and water quantity balance, and consists of three parts： grid snowmelt model, grid runoff yield model and grid catchments model. Snowmelt-runoff process is based on grid scale, so the model is with distributing character and has strict physical mechanism. An important concept of ＂Unit-time＂ was put forward and snowmelt-runoff model was developed in the paper. The model resolved the conversion. We also brought forward another important concept difficulties of hydrology in timescale of ＂Freezing and Melting Coefficient,＂ which is used to explain the snow freezing and melting repetitive physical mechanism and has geat significance to exactly explore the snowmeh process. Besides, we developed snowmeh runoff stimulating system combined with B/S and C/S, and used a great deal of remote sensing data, weather data and hydrology data, based on grid scale, to realize the arithmetic of the model. At last, this distributed snowmeh runoff model was applied to stimulate the runoff in the snowmelt period in spring from 11 AM, March 6, 2006 to 11 AM, March 10, 2006 in the typical study area, Juntanghu river basin. Validation of this model with real measuring data resulted in an average relative error under 0.18. It indicates that the model is able to realize the simulation of the snowmeh process and it can meet the need of flood forecast.