中文摘要：

为了优化集热器阵列排布便于水平屋顶有限空间的安装,该文建立了日均遮挡模型和太阳辐射模型。利用所建模型研究了集热器阵列排布长宽比与纬度、日均遮挡因子、阵列占地面积、到达集热阵列的太阳辐射量间的关系。结果表明,大型集热器阵列（占地面积≥500m2）,冬至日日均遮挡因子随阵列长宽比和纬度的增加而增大。长宽比∈[1/10,3/1）时,日均遮挡因子上升较快;长宽比∈[3/1,10/1]时,日均遮挡因子增加平缓。对于占地面积∈[50,1000]m2的集热器阵列,面积越小、日均遮挡因子随长宽比的变化越快。冬半年各月水平面上日均太阳辐射分布情况对到达阵列的太阳辐射量最大对应的最佳长宽比存在较大影响。鉴于太阳辐射分布的影响以及便于工程应用,文中给出了中国不同纬度13个城市5种集热器阵列的最佳长宽比;研究结果可为太阳能集热阵列的排布优化提供参考。

英文摘要：

To optimize arrangements of solar collector arrays for installations on limited horizontal roofs,the daily shading model and solar radiation model of a large-scale solar collector array were built.The relationships between the latitude,the daily shading factor,the floor space and the solar radiation intercepted by a collector array and the aspect ratio of the collector array were deeply studied using these models.The results showed that the daily shading factor on winter solstice day increased with the latitude and the aspect ratio increasing for a large collector array（occupied area≥500 m 2）.The daily shading factor rapidly increased when the aspect ratio was ∈[1/10,3/1） while it increased smoothly when the aspect ratio was ∈（3/1,10/1].For the collector array with occupied area∈[50,1000] m 2,the smaller the floor space,the faster the increase of the daily shading factor with the aspect ratio increased.The distribution of the horizontal daily solar radiation on the representative day in winter months had influences on the optimum aspect ratio responding to the maximum solar radiation intercepted by the collector array.In view of the influence of solar radiation distributions and convenience for engineering applications,the aspect ratios of 5 different floor space collector arrays used in 13 different latitude cities in China were obtained.The results provide data support for arrangement optimization of the solar collector arrays.