中文摘要：

为应对活性氮梯级流动通量急剧增加所引发的生态环境问题,文章结合国内外研究模型及不同尺度的相关研究,系统分析了活性氮梯级流动研究的重要性与关键点,提出了目前研究的可待完善之处。分析结果表明,活性氮梯级流动研究对于减轻活性氮环境负荷、优化食物和能源生产有重要的理论价值与指导意义。目前活性氮流动多集中于食物生产过程的氮素收支研究及大尺度研究,管理的综合决策研究有待完善。为此,提出四点建议：（1）加强省、市及乡镇等尺度研究;（2）加强活性氮梯级流动通量、效率及关键影响因素的研究;（3）分析经济发展及政治决策对活性氮梯级流动的影响;（4）加强活性氮与环境之间互馈机理的研究。

英文摘要：

In order to solve the ecological and environmental problems caused by a sharp increase in reactive nitrogen cascade flux, based on the domestic and foreign research model and multi-scale study, the significance and key points of reactive nitrogen cascade are analyzed and some aspects of present study needing to be improved are suggested. Results show that it is of theoretical and practical significance in relieving the environmental load of reactive nitrogen and optimizing food and energy production. The current research of reactive nitrogen cascade mainly focused on nitrogen budgets of food production and large-scale study. A comprehensive study of reactive nitrogen management decisions need to be improved. Therefore, four countermeasures are suggested, such as （ 1 ） to enhance the small-scale studies including province scale, city scale and village scale; （2） to improve the research of nitrogen cascade flux, efficiency and key influencing factors; （3） to analyze the influence of economic development and political decision on reactive nitrogen cascade; （4） to strengthen the research on interaction mechanism between reactive nitrogen and the environment.