中文摘要：

对穆勒提出的贸易条件与马勒条件及倾销反倾销实践活动之间的矛盾做了逻辑和实证两个方面的考察之后，得出了以下结论：贸易条件作为一国国际贸易活动绩效、一国国际贸易政策效果的考量指标只适用于供给约束型经济时代，而在需求约束型经济时代，贸易条件在宏观层面上失去了解释能力，不宜再以此衡量经济活动和经济政策。

英文摘要：

This paper analyzes the contradictions between terms of trade proposed by Mill, Marshall-Lerner condition and the anti-dumping practice from logic and empirical aspects. It concludes that as an index of the performance of international trade activities and policies, terms of trade only make sense in the era of supply constraint-based economy. But in the era of demand constraint-based economy, terms of trade lose their explanatory power at the macro level, and are no longer appropriate to measure the economic activities and policies.