中文摘要：

脓毒症主要由机体免疫功能紊乱导致,即由对感染、创伤等致病因素过度的炎症反应发展至免疫麻痹或抑制。细胞免疫应答在脓毒症发生、发展过程中发挥重要作用。在过度炎症期,诸多免疫细胞被病原相关分子模式（PAMPs）、损伤相关分子模式（DAMPs）激活并分泌大量促炎细胞因子;在免疫麻痹期,过度凋亡导致免疫细胞数量减少伴随功能下降,调节性免疫细胞亚群逐步占据优势并分泌抑制性细胞因子。监测脓毒症中机体免疫功能的变化及其转归是制定免疫调节治疗方案的基础及依据,但目前尚缺乏能应用于临床并综合评价整体免疫功能状态的指标体系。

英文摘要：

Sepsis is essentially a result from immunological dissonance provoked by severe insults such as fulminant infection, severe trauma and extensive burns. It originates from excessive inflammatory responses and develops into immune paralysis or immunosupression. It has been demonstrated that cellular immune response plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. In the stage of excessive inflammation, several kinds of immune cells are activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns（PAMPs） or damage-associated molecular patterns（DAMPs） and subsequently produce a vast number of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while during the stage of immune paralysis, excessive apoptosis could result in decrease of immune cells with functional compromise. Inhibitory or regulatory immune cell subsets eventually dominate the direction of immune response and the production of inhibitory cytokines is enhanced. For clinical practice, surveillance of changes and shift in overall immune function is a basis for immunotherapy, especially to immunomodulation therapy. However, there is still a lack of adequate indexes or markers for integral evaluation of host immune state in the development of sepsis.