中文摘要：

结冰弄干或水的答案的冻乾广泛地在药品的工业被使用。这个过程的增加的重要性正在获得研究的世界范围的兴趣。文学的成长身体证明了科学途径能与最小的尝试经验主义导致改进产品质量。明确的表达和过程开发需要结冰的物理化学的系统的理解并且结冰弄干，热和质量的材料科学和机制转。这篇论文给出概述在上结冰在过去几十年基于出版物水的答案弄干。这个过程的重要问题被分析。

英文摘要：

Freeze drying or lyophilization of aqueous solutions is widely used in pharmaceutical industry. The in-creased importance Of the process is gaining a worldwide interest of research. A growing body of literature has demonstrated that the scientific approach can result in improved product quality with minimum trial and error em-piricism. Formulation and process development need a systematical understanding of the physical chemistry of freezing and freeze drying, material science and mechanisms of heat and mass transfer. This paper presents an overview on freeze ding of aqueous solutions based on publications in the past few decades. The important issuesof the process are analyzed.