中文摘要：

青钱柳为典型的雌雄异型异熟树种，包括雌花先熟个体（雌先型，PG）和雄花先熟个体（雄先型，PA）两种交配型。同一交配型内雌雄花期错开而交配型间雌雄花同步的开花生物学特性可能对青钱柳种子产量和质量有重要影响。为了解青钱柳群体的交配系统，对江苏溧阳陶峰和安徽红琊山林场的7年生青钱柳人工林群体进行了连续2a花期物候学观测，包括林分中交配型的比例、不同交配型的雌雄开花顺序、开花持续时间及花期相遇特点。结果表明：受环境条件的影响，青钱柳花期为4月下旬至5月下旬，有一定波动；雌、雄花期持续时间分别为9～19d（最长21d）和2～9d。在人工林幼龄群体中，开花植株有2类共5种表现型，其中两性植株包括雌先型（PG）、雄先型（PA）和同步型（SC），单性植株包括雌株（F）和雄株（M）；观察发现幼林群体中雌株居多，两性植株比例较小。2015年溧阳陶峰青钱柳人工林中开花率达到73．2％，两性植株占28.8％，PA和PG比例1：1．2；而红琊山林场的开花率仅为38．6％，其中16．7％为两性植株，PG比例较高。连续2a的定株观察还表明：开花表现型的变化主要为单性植株转变为两性植株；PA和PG表达稳定，极少发生逆转；两性植株中，有52．2％的植株上雌、雄花期完全错开，而47．8％的植株上雌、雄花花期有部分（少量全部）重叠。相关分析表明，开花状况与母树胸高断面积显著相关，显著性大小顺序为雌先型〉雄先型〉雄株〉雌株〉未开花植株。多重比较表明：两性植株的平均胸高断面积与单性植株、未开花植株差异显著；开花植株中雌先型、雄先型和雄株平均胸高断面积差异不显著，但三者与雌株存在显著差异。由此推测青钱柳开花与否和开花表现型明显受植株营养积累的影响。

英文摘要：

Cyclocarya paliurus is a typical heterodichogamous species which contains two mating types in populations： protogyny （PG） and protandry （PA）. Flowering phenology of female and male functions segregation within PA or PG, and synchronization between PA and PG may greatly affect seed quantity and quality for C. paliurus population. To deter- mine the sex-expression of C. paliurus, we monitored flowering phenology for 2 years （2014 and 2015 ） , including the ratio of flowering phenotypes, the flowering order of male and female inter and intra two mating types, flowering duration and flowering overlapping characteristics based on 7-year plantations growing in Taofeng in Liyang city of Jiangsu Province and Hongyashan Forest Farm Anhui Province. The results showed that flowering period of C. paliurus was from late April to late May, with fluctuation by changing of environmental factors. Duration of stigma receptiveness and pollen shedding lasted 9-19 days （with the longest period of 21 days） and 2-9 days, respectively. There were two categories, five flowering phenotypes in immature plantation： monoecious types containing protogyny （PG）, protandry （PA） and synchrony （SC） ; unisexual type including female （F） and male （M）. The phenomenon that the majority was female individuals and less was monoecious plants were found through observations of two plantations. In 2015, flowering rate in Taofeng of Liyang city was up to 73.2%, of which 28.8% individuals were monoecious plants, with the ratio of 1 ： 1.2 for PA and PG. However, flowering rate in Hongyashan Farm was only 38.6%, of which 16.7% individuals were monoecious flowering phenotype, bias to PG. It was found by two consecutive years＇ observations that the changes in mating category occurred mainly from unisexual to monoecious types ; the expressions of PA and PG individuals were stable, and inverse changes were very few. Within monoecious type, 52.2% individuals whose female and male flowering time were completely separated,