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中文摘要：
降雪是重要的淡水资源,也是全球气候系统中重要的组成部分.目前全球雪深探测主要依靠站点稀疏的人工探测仪或低时空分辨率的遥感卫星.近几年,基于不同地表介质引起GPS多路径效应的GPS-MR技术以其全天候,自动化,时空分辨率高、无需建网等诸多优点成为雪深探测领域的一个新型探测手段,本文在国内首次开展了基于测量型接收机的GPS-MR探测雪深研究.首先详细给出了基于GPS信噪比观测值的GPS-MR技术进行雪深探测的基本原理;其次结合实测GPS观测数据和雪深测量数据,分别利用单颗和多颗GPS卫星对GPS-MR探测雪深的可行性与探测精度进行深入研究与分析.初步实验结果表明基于信噪比观测值的GPS-MR技术可用于雪深探测,与实测雪深数据相比其探测精度约为10cm左右,尤其可用于暴雪监测.GPS-MR技术不仅可充分挖掘全球密集GNSS网络用于地表环境监测（雪深探测、海平面变化、土壤湿度、植被变化、火山活动等）的潜能,而且可进一步精化GNSS多路径模型误差,以期进一步提高GNSS用于精密定位与地表环境监测的精度.
英文摘要：
Snow is a critical fresh water resource,and it is also an important part of the global climate system. Currently available in situ observations are limited to small sampling volumes and restricted number of sites,whereas measurements from satellites lack spatial resolutions. Global navigation satellite system（ GNSS）receivers can be used to estimate snow depth time series at an intermediate scale of about 1000 m2. Recent years,based on SNR,GPS-MR snow depth detecting technology with many advantages has become a new detection method in remote sensing field. In this paper,Firstly,the principle of GPS tracking station for snow depth detection is introduced in details. Then,combining with measured data, the effectiveness and precision of GPS-MR is in-depth researched and analyzed. The preliminary results show that GPSMR can be used to detect snow depth and the precision of GPS-MR is about 10 cm. GPS-MR technology not only can fully develop the potential of global GNSS network in the surface environment monitoring（ snow depth detection,sea level change,soil moisture,vegetation changes, volcanic activity, etc.）, but also further improve GNSS multipath error model, so as to improve GNSS precision positioning accuracy.
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