中文摘要：

目的设计、合成炭疽致死因子抑制剂，并测定其对炭疽致死因子的抑制活性和抵抗炭疽致死毒素的活性。方法以LFI40为先导结构，依据其与炭疽致死因子结合的结构特征，设计了含噻喃环和3，6-二氢-2H-噻喃环的羟肟酸类化合物；以四氢噻喃酮为起始原料，依次通过氰基化及水解反应、碳碳耦联反应、羟胺化和还原反应、酰胺化或磺酰胺化反应以及酯基与羟胺的反应得到目标化合物Ia～Ih；以四氢噻喃酮与硝基乙酸乙酯通过加成和消除反应，然后依次经硝基的还原、酰胺化或磺酰胺化反应以及酯基与羟胺的反应得到目标化合物IIa～IIE；利用手性柱色谱方法对外消旋体进行分离得到单一对映异构体；利用荧光多肽裂解试验和鼠类巨噬细胞样细胞系RAW264．7模型评价了目标化合物对炭疽致死因子的抑制活性和抵抗炭疽致死毒素的活性，并对抑制炭疽致死因子活性的选择性进行研究。结果与结论合成了13个未见文献报道的目标化合物，其结构经^1H—NMR、MS谱确证；通过手性柱色谱方法得到了单一光学异构体S-Ih、R-Ih、S-IIe和R-IIe；活性评价结果表明Ih、IIe和R-Ih、R-IIe对炭疽致死因子具有较高的抑制活性和较好的选择性，并具有良好的抵抗炭疽致死毒素的活性，其中，尺-IIe抑制炭疽致死因子的活性和选择性以及抵抗炭疽致死毒素的活性不但与LFI40相当，而且其制备方法较为简单，值得进一步研究。

英文摘要：

Anthrax lethal factor is an important element of anthrax toxin, which makes the high death rate of anthrax infection. In this research, 13 anthrax lethal factor inhibitors（ Ia - Ih, Ha - He） were designed, synthesized and evaluated with their inhibitory activities against anthrax lethal factor. The high inhibitory activity racemic compounds Ih and He were separated by chiral HPLC colunm and evaluated too. All active compounds were tested for the inhibitory activity against lethal toxin on the model of mouse macrophage RAW264.7 and for the selectivity to anthrax lethal factor. The results showed that compounds Ih, II e and R- Ih,R-II e were good candidates for developing small molecule drugs against anthrax infection.