中文摘要：

实验研究了透射式全息位相光栅的矢量衍射特性,实验结果表明当光栅常数接近或小于入射波长时,等光强的P、S偏振光入射,其各级衍射光强明显不同.经分析得知这种偏振依赖是由两方面的因素引起：玻璃基底的影响和光栅本身的矢量衍射特性所致.用时域有限差分方法（FDTD）模拟了光与位相光栅的相互作用,结果表明光栅本身的偏振依赖是由矢量衍射中P、S偏振光在光栅中形成的相对位相延迟不同引起的.

英文摘要：

Vector diffraction characteristics of transmission phase grating were investigated.Experimental data showed that diffraction intensities of P-polarization wave and S-polarization wave were different when period of grating was comparable to or smaller than wavelength of the incident beam.It was found that polarization dependence was caused by both effect of glass substrates and vector diffraction characteristics.Diffraction of phase gratings was simulated numerically by Finite Difference Time Domain（FDTD） method.It was found that polarization characteristics of phase gratings were accounted for by difference in relative phase retardation of P and S wave formed in the grating.