中文摘要：

根据视觉假体（visualprosthesis）在视觉通路上刺激部位的不同，概括地介绍了以植入微电子芯片为主要手段的视皮层假体、视神经假体和视网膜假体的视觉修复方法，分析比较了这三种视觉假体的利弊和技术难点。重点论述了研究的热点——视网膜假体研究，介绍了从事该热点研究的两大子方向——视网膜下假体（subretinalprosthesis）和视网膜表层假体（epiretinalprosthesis）研究的主要团队的系统研制和植入实验的进展。最后讨论了视觉假体研究所面临的一些如能量供给、神经网络的模拟、器件集成、电极修饰及生物相容性封装等共性问题，充分肯定了视觉假体研究已取得的成绩并展望了其光明的研究前景。

英文摘要：

This paper summarizes the general strategies for visual restoration of visual prostheses by microelectronic implants in afferent positions along the optical pathway, typically the retinal prosthesis, the optic nerve prosthesis and the visual cor- tical prosthesis. The comparison of the three prostheses was made to clarify their relative advantages as well as technical difficulties respectively. In particular, the retinal prosthesis is detailed as an international research focus. Recent advances of the main research groups that may study in any of the two main subareas, subretinal prosthesis and epiretinal prosthesis, are presented, both in the field of systematic research and development and in the implantation experiments. Some common issues such as implant power, neural ＇networks emulation, device integration, microelectrode decoration and biocompatible packaging are discussed. Achievements that have been made and the promising future that is ahead are related in the end.