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中文摘要：
近年来抽水蓄能电站中爆发了一系列的淡水壳菜（Limnoperna fortunei，学名沼蛤）生物污损问题，严重影响电站的安全生产，引起了广泛关注。本文基于国内外沼蛤防治研究经验，结合工程实例中沼蛤的两类污损问题，分享最新的防附着涂料及生态水力学方法在抽水蓄能电站中沼蛤入侵防治方面的试验成效。针对大管径大流量的引水隧洞等结构，沼蛤污损防治可以考虑采用能够有效防止沼蛤附着，且抗侵蚀性和环保性、耐久性等多个方面的综合效果良好的衬砌材料，如SK-聚脲和SK-环氧YEC。针对小管径小流量的技术供水系统，沼蛤的防治可采用本文提出的集生物附着法、生物沉降法和湍流灭杀法于一体的综合防治装置对水流携带的幼虫进行吸附、沉降、灭杀，从而降低幼虫进入技术供水系统的风险。
英文摘要：
Pumped-storage power plants （PSPs） aim to solve the conflict between power supply and demand at the peak and trough of power consuming, ensuring grid safety, economic growth, and stable production. Invasion and biofouling of golden mussel （Limnoperna fortunei） in PSPs, however, is attracting wide public attention because in recent years the biofouling has caused severe problems in the operation of PSPs. The specific operation mode of PSPs is commonly taken as the major cause for such biofouling in water intakes and tunnels. A PSP releases water stored in its upper reservoir to the lower one when it generates power during peak power-consuming hours, and pumps water back to its upper reservoir during low demand hours. During water releasing and pumping, golden mussel veligers are stirred up from the reservoir bed and transported into the intakes, tunnels, and the other structures reachable by the flow; then they are settled down on the walls of all the structures they have touched, causing biofouling, structure corrosion, and even pipe clog. Particularly, the small tubes of the PSP cooling water system are under a high risk of being clogged, often causing a shutdown accident. This study presents an overview on the latest advances in preventive measures against golden mussel biofouling in PSPs based on previous studies, overseas experiences, and our own experiences. For large-scale water-intake pipes of PSPs, the risk of clogging is low and therefore the basic strategy should focus on pipe wall resistance to the corrosion. Certain environment-friendly, economically-desirable coating materials, e.g. SK-Polyurea and SK-Epoxy YEC, which have been shown very effective in terms of biofouling resistance and pipe-wall durability, are recommended according to our experimental study. For small-scale PSP cooling water systems, we propose a control device of the veliger density in water flow that integrates the measures of attachment- attracting, settling, and veliger killing and thus effectively reduces biofouling ris
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