中文摘要：

土壤矿物风化是土壤、也是整个生态系统中无机矿质养分的最重要来源,不仅为植物长期提供养分和保持土壤的化学平衡稳定性,并缓冲土壤和地表水的酸化,还影响全球气候变化。风化速率在全球碳循环、酸临界负荷和土壤侵蚀等研究中都是非常重要的参数。土壤化学风化是一个不断进行的自然释放过程,气候是最主要的驱动力,而矿物本身的稳定性也影响了风化速率的快慢。由于人为影响下的大气酸沉降和农业活动已经非常普遍,目前的土壤风化速率也因此而改变。本文从风化速率的研究方法、风化速率的影响因素以及风化速率在全球变化中的应用3个方面介绍了近年来在风化速率方面的研究进展,并探讨了相关研究未来的发展趋势。

英文摘要：

Chemical weathering of soil minerals is a continuous and dynamic geochemical process,which can enhance the supply of base cations,determine the long-term availability of plant nutrients and the chemical status of the soils,can buffer against atmospheric acid deposition and alleviate soil and surface water acidification.Furthermore chemical weathering is closely related to global climate change,thus the weathering rate is an important parameter in understanding global carbon cycle,critical loads of acid deposition and tolerable soil erosion rate.Chemical weathering of soil minerals releases actively base cations with the climate is the major driving force and mineral stability can affect the rate.With the change of global climate and increasing acid deposition,soil mineral weathering rates are subjected to be accelerated.In this paper,we reviewed the progress in research methods,controlling factors and applying fields of soil mineral weathering rate,and discussed the prospect and research direction in the near future.