中文摘要：

【正】 新学科的诞生是社会发展的需要,人类社会发展到今天,由于人类面临的资源与环境问题,使占全球面积71％的海洋成为21世纪开发的重点领域。然而,各成体系的海洋化学、海洋生物、海洋地质和海洋水文,已难以适应认识和解决当前面临的全球变化问题的需要。80年代初,随着国际地圈生物圈计划(IGBP)、全球海洋通量联合研究(JGOFS)、全球海洋生态系统动力学(GLOBEC)、全球海洋真光层研究(GOEZS)、海岸带陆海相互作

英文摘要：

This paper reviews the progress in the study of marine biogeochemical processes of biogenic elements (C,N ,P,S,Si)and consists of four parts:1. The cycling of biogenic elements in the euphotic zoneThe air-sea exchange process of biogenic elements is an important link in the euphotic zone cycle. The interface behaviors of some trace gases which can affect global climate and the possible influencing factors (mainly referring to biological processes)are discussed. The exchange of carbon between atmosphere and ocean depends on the CO2 partial pressure (Pco2) difference; DMS is mainly released from the sea. Pco2 and DMS are controlled by biogeochemical processes to some extent. These results are useful to understanding systematically the importance of the ocean in global climate change.The euphotic zone is the most active region in the marine biogeochemical processes of biogenic elements. Phytoplanktons transform DIG into DOC by photosynthesis, absorbing nutrients(N,P,Si)in certain proportion. On the other hand,they are generally eaten by mesozooplankton and macrozooplankton,and are then excreted as sinking fecal pellets,some of them are decomposed and disolved again,others off the euphotic zone, including regenerated nutrients in mid-or deep-ocean,may be brought to upper water by upwelling. The processes of the cycling and regeneration of biogenic elements in the euphotic sea are very complicated.2. Marine biogeochemical process of particulatesImportant information concerning the biology,chemistry and geology of particulates can be obtained by studying their component variations, vertical fluxes and transport mechanism.By discussing the component variations with space and seasons, the particulates origin and function in transporting and storaging biogenic elements are reviewed. There are two main factors cited to explain the changes of vertical fluxes - biology and physics,such as the contribution of diatom bloom to exportable organic matter from the upper water,the influences of wave,lateral transport,El Nino/South