中文摘要：

为研究三种运营机制（垄断市场，寡头竞争和社会最优）下两类型停车设施（公共停车场和停车换乘设施）的定价问题，将停车设施运营者和出行者的相互作用描述为双层规划问题，其中上层为运营者的停车收费水平决策模型，下层为出行者的旅行选择行为模型，包括对出行方式、出行路径和停车设施的选择。设计了基于灵敏度分析的启发式算法来求解该模型。算例结果表明，垄断解导致最高的总利润、最低的社会福利和最低的交通需求；社会最优解导致最低的总利润、最高的社会福利和最高的交通需求；而寡头解介于垄断解和社会最优解之间。

英文摘要：

To explore the parking pricing problem for two types of parking facilities （i.e., the public parking lots and the park-and-ride facilities） under three operation regimes （i.e., the monopoly, the oligopoly, and the social optimum）, a bi-level programming model is formulated to describe the interactions between the operators and the travelers. The upper level is operators’decision model optimizing the level of parking charge;and the lower level is a network equilibrium model, which concerns the choices of travelers, such as mode choice, parking facility choice, and route choice. A sensitivity analysis based algorithm is adopted to solve the proposed model. The numerical results show that the monopoly solution leads to the highest profit, the lowest social welfare and traffic demand; the social optimum solution results in the lowest profit, the highest social welfare and traffic demand;and the outcomes of the oligopoly solution sit in between.