中文摘要：

基于离子交换膜的电膜技术，由于其独特的离子传递特性，可以进行离子物系的分离分级，在清洁生产、节能减排、环境保护、能量转换等方面有着广泛的应用前景。然而，目前国内相关均相离子膜产品尚处于起步阶段，以日本为首的国家对我国进行相关技术封锁和价格垄断。正是基于这样的产业背景和现实意义，开发出新型的均相离子膜制备路线尤为重要。本课题组提出了一种简单而通用的侧链型离子化芳香族聚合物的合成方法，即“离子单体聚酰基化”均相离子交换膜制备路线，并通过ATRP法来设计离子交换膜的主链憎水、侧链亲水的接枝结构，通过对接枝密度和接枝长度进行调节，实现对膜性能的调控，以满足不同的应用过程对膜性能的要求。此种均相离子交换膜的制备工艺及产业化生产攻关，可以打破以日本为首的国家对我国离子膜产品的技术封锁，实现具有我国自主知识产权的离子膜技术的产业化。制备条件温和、制备工艺简单、快捷，而且整个过程没有传统方法中常用的季铵化或磺化步骤，有效地简化工艺和降低环境污染，可用于扩散渗析、普通电渗析以及双极膜电渗析过程对高性能离子交换膜材料的需求。该系列离子交换膜在特种废水处理、有机酸生产、氨基酸分离纯化、重金属废水处理等诸多领域得到了广泛的使用，均取得了较为满意的使用效果。

英文摘要：

Due to the special ion transfer characteristic in ion exchange membranes ,the electro-membrane processes based on ion exchange membranes can achieve the separation and classification of the ions,which have found more and more important applications in clean pro-duction,energy-saving and emission reducing,environmental protection,and energy conver-sion. The ion exchange membranes processes meet with the demands of energy-saving,reuse of raw material,and pollution prevention in modern industries,and have become one of the key components for sustainable development in our economy. However,the preparation and applica-tions of homogenous in exchange membranes are still at infant stage of development in China due to technological embargoes and price monopoly by the Japan leaded developed country. As a consequence,it is of great significance for the development of some novel membrane prepara-tion routes. A one-step preparation route of homogenous exchange membranes by polyacylation of ionized monomers was developed in our lab. The ATRP technology was used to manipulate the structure of ion exchane membranes to achieve the constrcution of hydrophobic structure in the main chain and hydropholic in the side chain by controlling graft density and graft length of the side-chain pendant. The prepared membranes by this strategy will meet the demands of dif-ferent applications. The indutrial preparation of this kinds of ion exchange membranes can breakthourgh the technological embargoes and price monopoly the Japan of leaded developed country and can achieve development of the independent intellectual property rights in ex-change membranes production. The preparation route is very simple and effective with a moder-ate operation condition. The quarternization and sulfonation steps were avoided in our prepara-tion route with a simplified preparation steps and a reduced pollution. Our preparation route meets with the demand of high-effective membranes in diffusion dialysis,conventional electro-dialysis and bipolar membranes electr