中文摘要：

苔藓植物化石为探索植物界物种进化发展和重建古气候耶境提供了重要的科学基础。该文通过大量的化石资料，结合当今前沿科学技术和热点问题，从苔藓植物起源分化及物种多样性分布、形态表现及分子进化及古气候环境的重建等方面对该领域的研究成果进行了综述和总结。（1）苔藓植物起源于早古生代的赤道低纬度区，至少在奥陶纪时期就有了苔类与藓类的分化；其物种多样性总体上呈增加趋势，并具有低纬度区物种多样性高的特点，但个别地质年代苔类与藓类的物种多样性具有明显差异，凸显了二者对气候环境的敏感程度不同。（2）苔藓植物具有缓慢的形态和分子进化，其中苔类的进化速率相对较快。（3）对于显生宙古气候环境的变迁及重建，苔藓植物化石自身的形态特征、孢粉学和古分子化石的分析、以及碳和氧同位素的测量均提供了重要的科学依据。针对苔藓植物化石研究中存在的问题，作者提出了自己的观点。

英文摘要：

Bryophyte fossils provide very important scientific foundation to explore plant kingdom evolution and to reconstruct the ancient climatic environment. Here,through a lot of fossil materials,combining with nowadays advanced science technology and hot issues, we get these conclusions： （1） Bryophyte originated from the equator low latitude region of early Palaeozoic Era. The differentiation between mosses and liver- worts took place in Ordovician period or even earlier. The trend of bryophyte diversity is increasing in the whole picture,and it is higher in the equator low latitude region, but the diversity of mosses is obviously different from liverworts diversity in individual geological, highlights. They have different sensitivity to the paleoclimate environment. （2）Both morphological and molecular evolution of bryophyte is slow, but to mosses,liverworts evolution is relatively faster. （3）For the changes and reconstruction of paleoclimate en- vironment, the morphological characteristics, palynology studies, ancient molecular fossil analyses, and the isotope measure of C or O, all provide important scientific bases. Based on the above issues, constructive suggestions and views to the problems of these bryophyte fossil studies were provided.