中文摘要：

红山文化是整个东北地区新石器时代晚期最重要的一种考古学文化。由于20世纪80年代辽宁省朝阳市喀左东山嘴祭坛和建平牛河梁坛庙冢的发现,学术界认识到,红山文化在见证中华五千年国家文明起源和形成过程中,具有举足轻重、不可替代的重要地位。从1935年红山后遗址正式发掘算起直到2015年,红山文化的发现和研究已经走过了80年的历史,大体上经历了3个阶段。第一阶段约始于清末,终于1949年。这个阶段为红山文化的发现探索期。第二阶段始于1949年新中国的成立,约终于20世纪70年代末。此间是红山文化作为独立的考古学文化获得正式命名及其文化谱系编年得以初步确立时期。从20世纪80年代到现在,是红山文化发现与研究的第三阶段。此间是红山文化研究被正式纳入中华文明起源这一重大研究课题的时期。如今,随着中华文明探源工程系列研究成果的取得,中国早在距今5 000年前就已经进入初级国家文明阶段、红山文化代表了中华5 000年文明的观点,遂渐成共识。

英文摘要：

Hongshan culture is the most important archaeological culture remains throughout the Northeast late Neolithic age. Since the 1980s in Liaoning province Kazuo Dongshanzui altar and Jianping Niuheliang temples tomb in Chaoyang City discovered, the academic circles realize the Hongshan Culture in the process of the formation of witnesses five thousand years of Chinese civilization, has an important position and play a decisive role which cannot be replaced. From the Red Hill site formal excavation from 1935 until 2015, the discovery and research of Hongshan Culture has gone through 80 years of history and has experi- enced three stages. The first stage began in about the late Qing Dynasty, and ended in 1949. This stage is the discovery of Hongshan culture period of exploration. The second phase began in 1949, the establish- ment of the new China and ended at about 1970s. Hongshan culture archaeology as cultural independence and cultural pedigree was officially named in the initial period. The third stage of last century since the 80 ＇s until now,study of Hongshan culture was officially incorporated into the origin of Chinese civilization in this major research project period. Now, with the achievements of Chinese civilization origin of the series of research projects, China as early as 5 000 years ago has entered the junior national civilization stages. Hongshan culture represented the Chinese civilization in 5000 years, which gradually becomes a consensus.