中文摘要：

土壤温度是土壤墒情监测的重要参数之一,它影响着土壤中一系列的物理、化学和生物化学过程,并与作物生长、发育及生理过程关系密切。目前土壤温度测量技术与设备主要源于工业领域,应用比较成熟,但在农田土壤墒情、气象环境、水文、地理等领域具体应用过程中,存在结构针对性不足、敏感元件及探头选择盲目、测量方式不科学等问题。该文针对以上问题,在分析农田土壤温度测量特殊需求、常用传感器结构与特征、敏感元件选型的基础上,对土壤温度传感器进行优化设计,将感知区域缩短为2cm,提出探头导管分离可装配式结构,采用不同长度玻璃钢塑料管组合装配方式,能够灵活满足地温单点、多点、多层测量,并通过试验分析比较了该传感器与传统传感器在结构、封装材料、测量精度、测量插入方式的差异。结果表明,该传感器精度不超过±0.2℃,20℃跨度响应时间小于100s,水平、垂直测量差异稳定缩小到±0.2℃以下。该传感器减少了结构、封装、测量方式等因素的影响,提高了土壤温度测量科学性、准确性。

英文摘要：

Soil temperature is one of most important physical parameters of the soil. It effects the physical, chemical and biochemistry characteristics of the soil. Soil temperature also associates with the crop’s growth and physiological process. The soil temperature measurement technology and sensors which are widely used come from the industry. But in the application of soil humidity and meteorological environment geography fields, Soil temperature sensor has the disadvantages of unsuitable structure, selection in sensitive element blindness and unscientific measure method. Based on the analysis of soil temperature measurement requirements in agriculture, sensor structure and sensitive element choice, the paper promoted the assembled structure which had optimization in the design of soil temperature sensor. The temperature sensing region length was reduced to 2 cm. The new design of soil temperature sensor was composed of sensing region and glass fiber reinforced plastics catheter. Lower coefficient of temperature conductivity material was used as catheter could decrease the influence of traditional long sleeve type sensor. The new design can be assembled to measure the single point, multi point and multi-layers’ soil temperature. Experiments had been designed to compare the new designed sensor with the traditional sensors in sensing structures (stainless steel sleeve type&sensing region and supporting rod separation type), packaging materials (epoxy resin & silicone rubber) , measurement accuracy and insert approach (horizontal&vertical). Soil temperature sensor’s selection for application could be brought out according to the experiments. The soil temperature measured by traditional insert sensor has big differences in vertical and horizontal methods. The experiment indicated that the accuracy requirements of single point measurement and multi-layer measurement are different. The result showed that the assembled sensor had the accuracy below ±0.2℃, and the response time is less than 100 seconds in the span of