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中文摘要：
在量子力学中，态的演化是一个幺正演化过程，态的演化过程可以用演化算子对态的作用来表示，幺正演化过程是时间可逆的。基于这一基本事实，Gerard＇t Hooft引进了量子态的等价类概念，并用两组等价类之间的变换来描述量子态的幺正演化。本文利用等价类的概念及其变换来探究构建量子信息论中常用的通用量子门，给出通用量子门的推广形式。最后说明这些通用量子门可以基于双qubit体系内在的相互作用Hamilton量得以实现。
英文摘要：
In quantum mechanics, the evolution of a quantum state is a unitary evolution, the evolution process can be described by an action of a unitary operator on the quantum state and the process is time reversible. Based on this fundamental fact, Gerard t Hooft has introduced the concept of equivalence classes of quantum states and described the unitary evolutions of quantum states by unitary transformation between two equivalence classes. In the present paper, we will use the concept of equivalence classes and their transformations to construct universal quantum logic gates in the quantum information theory and give their generalized forms. In the end of this paper we will show that these quantum logic gates can be realized by some intrinsic interaction Hamiltonian of the system.
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