中文摘要：

由于交通路况、自然环境等因素的影响,应急服务设施与需求点之间的行程时间具有不确定性,因而在临界覆盖时间限制内应急服务是否能够及时到达,具有相应的风险。另外,需求点对于应急服务的时间风险由于环境的不同而具有不同的容忍度。结合这两个因素,构建了基于最小风险的应急服务设施选址模型。通过分析模型的特点,设计了改进模拟退火算法。最后,数值试验显示了算法的有效性并对应急设施数量、临界覆盖时限、风险容忍度系数等参数进行了分析,得到了一些有意义的结论。

英文摘要：

Due to the influence of factors such as traffic condition, natural environment etc, the travel times among emergency service facilities and the demand points are uncertainty, so whether the emergency services can arrive demand points within critical time coverage limit has corresponding risks. On the other hand, demand points have different tolerance for emergency service time risk due to the different environment. Combining these two factors, the emergency service facility location model with minimum risk was presented. By analyzing the characteristics of the model an improved simulated annealing algorithm was proposed, finally the numerical experiments show the effectiveness of the algorithm, and parameters such as the number of emergency facilities, critical time coverage limit, risk tolerance coefficient are analyzed, some meaningful conclusions are obtained.