中文摘要：

通过半静态染毒法研究了啶虫脒的急性毒性.在此基础上,进一步研究了半静态和静态两种染毒方式下不同质量浓度（ρ=0.001,0.005,0.009,0.013,0.017 mg·L-1）的啶虫脒溶液对中华蟾蜍（Bufo gargarizans）蝌蚪血红细胞微核及核异常的诱导作用.结果表明,啶虫脒对中华蟾蜍蝌蚪的24,48,72,96h的ρLC50分别为0.544,0.095,0.058,0.036 mg·L-1.在低于安全质量浓度（〈0.003 6 mg·L-1）下处理7 d,蝌蚪的微核率与核异常率与对照组相比均无统计学差异.半静态实验表明,随着啶虫脒质量浓度的提高及染毒时间的延长,蝌蚪的微核率及核异常率呈不断上升的趋势;在质量浓度为0.005 mg·L-1的啶虫脒溶液中处理3 d后,蝌蚪的微核率和核异常率开始比对照组有显著和极显著提高.静态实验中,在质量浓度为0.005 mg·L-1的啶虫脒溶液中处理3 d后,蝌蚪的微核率出现有显著的提高;各处理组核异常率的最高值出现在染毒3~5 d后,而后出现下降现象,但仍高于对照组.说明由于时间的延长,药性的衰退,蝌蚪能通过机体的调整而得到部分修复.上述实验结果说明,微核率及核异常率的提高可能是评价啶虫脒应用安全的潜在灵敏指标.

英文摘要：

Acute toxicity of acetamiprid on Bufo gargarizans tadpoles was studied by using the semi-static exposure method. Based on the study,the micronuclear test was used to study the inducement of different concentrations of acetamiprid（ 0. 001,0. 005,0. 009,0. 013,0. 017 mg·L- 1） to micronuclei and nuclear anomalies in erythrocytes of Bufo gargarizans tadpoles by using the semi-static and static exposure methods. The results showed that 24,48,72,96 h ρLC50values of acetamiprid for the tadpoles were 0. 544,0. 095,0. 058,0. 036 mg · L- 1,respectively. When the tadpoles exposed to acetamiprid with the concentration lower than the safe concentration（ 0. 003 6 mg·L- 1） for 7 days,there were no significant differences in the micronuclei rate and nuclear anomaly rate in their erythrocytes between the tested and control groups. In the semi-static test,the micronuclei rate and nuclear anomaly rate of tadpoles increased with the increasing acetamiprid concentrations and the exposure time. The exposure to acetamiprid of 0. 005 mg·L- 1for 3days resulted in significant increases in micronuclei rate and strong significant increases in nuclear anomaly rate in the tadpoles. In the static test,the exposure to acetamiprid of 0. 005 mg·L- 1for 3days resulted in significant increases in micronuclei rate in tadpoles; and in the tested groups,the nuclear anomaly rates reached the highest values after the exposure for 3 ~ 5 days,and then descended,but still higher than the control groups. The results of this study indicated that the tadpoles may partly repair the body status with the decline of the drug effect,and increase of micronuclei rate and nuclear anomaly rate may be potential sensitive indicator in evaluating the applied safety of acetamiprid.