中文摘要：

根据地表地质特征和地震构造解释分析，认为黔南坳陷印支期前主要为东西向构造为主，印支运动不强烈，中侏罗世以后，黔南坳陷存在两幕构造变形和长期构造抬升，同时根据变形特征，以贵定向斜为界，东为厚皮冲断变形区，西为薄皮冲褶变形区；在显生宙构造运动背景下，黔南坳陷经历了加里东期、海西期、印支-燕山-喜山期3期7幕水文地质旋回，燕山～喜山期是黔南坳陷油气保存的主要破坏期，通过对研究区流体包裹体和方解石脉进行研究，认为古流体受大气降水影响显著，古大气水下渗深度东深西浅的特征严格受黔南坳陷燕山期断裂构造控制；结合构造和古流体响应研究可知，构造因素是控制黔南坳陷油气保存的关键因素，坳陷中薄皮冲褶变形区的长顺-龙里-平塘-甲青地区是黔南坳陷中油气保存条件最好的地区，并且推断冲褶变形区燕山期向西的逆冲一褶皱递进变形中的主滑脱层之下的地层是油气勘探的重点．

英文摘要：

Surficial geologic features and geophysical data interpretation showed that EW-trending structure was developed since Caledonian to Hercynian; Indosinian movement was weak; two stage deformations existed and experienced a very long time to be uplifted and erosion after middle Jurassic. Furthermore, study area can be divided into two deformation region based on deformation feature, east to guiding syncline is thick-skinned thrust deformation region and thin-skinned fault-realtion fold deformation region is west to the certain syncline. On background of tectonic movement of Phanerozoic, Southern Guizhou depression experienced three stages which are Caledonian, Hercynian and Indosinian-Yanshannian- Himalayan, and 7 episode hydrogeological cycles. Yanshan-Himalayan movement was a key factor to the damage of hydrocarbon preservation, and the depression suffered a strong uplift and erosion in this period. The study of calcite pulses and fluid inclusions, ancient atmospheric water play an important role to ancient fluid. The plane distribution feature of palae-meteoric water infiltration depth which is deeper in the east and shallower in the west was dominated by the fault features in Yanshan period. Combining structure features with ancient fluid response to the tectonic event, structure is the domination factor for the damage of hydrocarbon preservation. As a whole, hydrocarbon preservation conditions in the thin-skinned fault- relation fold deformation region of Changshun-Longli-Pingtang-Jiaqing are relatively favorable, and the strata under the leading detachment in this region are the potential exploring strata.