中文摘要：

目的 研究不同类型急性缺血性脑血管病患者合并脑做出血（CMB）的患病率及分级．并探讨其临床意义。方法 选择南方医科大学附属南方医院及广州中医药大学附属中山医院神经内科自2009年9月至2010年7月收治的急性缺血性脑血管病患者259例，其中动脉粥样硬化性血栓形成146例、心源性脑栓塞28例、小动脉性脑梗死50例、不明原因脑梗死19例，短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）16例，同期体检者96例作为对照。常规行核磁共振T2梯度回波加权扫描（GRE－T2＊WI）．比较不同类型脑血管病患者CMB的患病率、分级以及初发性和复发性各亚型脑梗死患者CMB的患病率。结果 不同类型缺血性脑血管病患者CMB的患病率、分级均不同，差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05），除TIA外，脑梗死患者CMB的患病率均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），其中小动脉性脑梗死组最高（68．0％）；复发性动脉粥样硬化性血栓形成患者CMB的患病率高于初发性患者，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 CMB在各亚型脑梗死患者中患病率较高，其中存小血管性脑梗死中最高且严重；复发性动脉粥样硬化性血栓形成患者较初发性患者CMB的患病率高，提示CMB可能与缺血性卒中的复发有关。

英文摘要：

Objective To study the prevalence and grade of cerebral microbleeds （CMB） among patients with different subtypes of acute ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, and investigate the clinical significance of CMB. Methods Consecutive 259 patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, admitted to our hospitals from September 2009 to July 2010, were included; according to the stroke subtypes, these patients were classified into groups of atherothrombotic infarction （n=146）, cardioembolic infarction （n=28）, small artery infarction （n=50）, infarction of unknown origin （n=19） and transient ischemia attack （TIA, n=16）. The patients without cerebral vascular diseases were served as controls （n=96）. The baseline data were registered and all patients were performed gradient echo-T2＊ weighted imaging （GRE-T2＊WI）; the prevalence and grade of CMB between each 2 different subtypes of acute ischemic cerebrovascular diseases were compared; the prevalence of CMB in patients with acute ischemic infarction for the first time and patients with recurrent cerebral infarction was compared. Results The prevalence and grade of CMB between each 2 different infarction subtypes varied with a statistical difference （P〈0.05）. Apart from that of TIA group, the prevalence of all infarction groups was statistically higher than that of the controls （P〈0.05） with small artery infarction group being the highest （68.0%）. The prevalence of CMB in patients with recurrent infarction was statistically higher than that in patients with primary infarction （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The prevalence of CMB among different subtypes of infarction is high with the subtype of small artery infarction enjoying the highest rate; the prevalence of CMB in recurrent infarction goes higher as compared with that in primary infarction; the relapse of the cerebral infarction is possiblely related to the presence of CBMs.