中文摘要：

认知神经科学对法律行为背后神经心理机制的聚焦和讨论，催生了神经科学与法学的联姻一神经法学。其中，从认知神经科学的角度来评定刑事责任能力是神经法学的重要研究领域。文章重点介绍了精神疾病患者决策过程的认知神经科学研究成果和反社会个体的脑结构和功能异常以及基因多态性的研究证据，来分析讨论这两个特殊群体的刑事责任能力，以此说明认知神经科学可能对司法实践中刑事责任能力评定带来的影响。

英文摘要：

The exploration of neuropsychological mechanisms underlying legal behavior in the judicial process gives birth to the interdiscipline - Neurolaw. Criminal responsibility assessment through the approach of cognitive neuroscience is an important research domain in Neurolaw. Research findings of neuropsychological mechanism of decision-making in mental patients, as well as the brain dysfunction and gene polymorphism of antisocial individuals, were illustrated in this review. Criminal responsibility of these two special groups were analyzed and discussed, so as to explore the influence of cognitive neuroscience on legal practice of criminal responsibility assessment.