中文摘要：

气质性乐观是对未来的总体的积极期待。乐观能够带给个体诸多好处,如有利于提高身体健康,提高幸福感,促进成功等等,究其原因可能是乐观者存在正性偏向。这一偏向主要体现在注意、知觉、记忆、解释风格、应对策略的选择、情绪、期待及动机方面。而乐观者正性偏向产生的神经生理机制可能与前扣带回喙部、前额叶皮质的激活水平变化有关。未来研究可将乐观的核心——期待——作为重点,整合期待-价值理论、人格理论与神经基础来进一步探讨乐观的心理机制。

英文摘要：

Optimism is generalized positive expectations for the future. It brings many benefits. For instance, optimism can improve individual＇s physical health, well-being and promote success. One possible mechanism behind these phenomena is optimists＇ positive bias in attention, perception, memory, explanatory styles, coping strategies, emotion, expectations and motivation, etc. Empirical evidence shows that positive bias of optimism is related to the activation level of rostral anterior cingulate cortex and prefrontal cortex. To deeply explore the mechanisms of optimism, it＇s essential to take expectations, core of dispositional optimism, as the focus of research, integrating expectancy-value theory, personality theory, and neural basis in future studies.