中文摘要：

2015年美国政府提出“精准医学计划”后，精准医学的理念迅速播散，并推动现代医学从循证医学时代迈入精准医学时代，俨然成为未来医学的发展方向。伴随精准医学发展而产生的个体化检验诊断同样也是一个全新的领域，其复杂程度远远超乎人类当前认知。个体化检验诊断领域机遇与挑战同时并存，检验医学从业者应积极投身这一新兴领域，以期为寻找和评估循环生物标志物，选择适宜的分子诊断技术并使其标准化，高质量的生物标本的获得和样本库的建立，对报告单进行综合解读等领域作出贡献。最终实现对特定疾病和患者进行个性化精确治疗，改善疾病预防与诊治效果。

英文摘要：

Since 2015, US government announced the Precision Medicine Initiative, the concept of“precision medicine” is spreading rapidly, which has seemingly become the mainstream of future medicine.Laboratory medicine based on personalized information brought by the development of precision medicine will be an entirely new area, however its complexity is far beyond the current knowledge and laboratory medical scientists are encouraged to be actively involved in this emerging field.Opportunities and challenges may coexist, which mainly include： screening and evaluation of circulating biomarkers, selection and standardization of appropriate molecular diagnostic techniques, acquisition of high quality biological specimens and establishment of sample library, and comprehensive interpretation of the results in order to achieve and improve individualized precise prevention, diagnosis, and treatment for specific diseases and patients.