中文摘要：

岩石隧道围岩变形具有时空效应特征。根据围岩变形速率，岩石隧道围岩变形一般可划分为3个阶段，即急剧变形阶段、稳定变形阶段和流变阶段。通过总结分析围岩变形3阶段的特点，结合中梁山隧道D-5H量测剖面的实测数据，对围岩变形的空间效应和时间效应进行了分析。空间效应集中发生在急剧变形段，空间效应段主要靠围岩自身以及初次支护克服围岩发生破坏变形，时间效应则主要体现在流变段。以华蓥山隧道等76个隧道实例为统计样本，分别对围岩变形时空效应与围岩类别和塌方事故的关系进行了相关性分析。结果表明：80％以上的塌方发生于急剧变形段，13％发生在稳定变形段，只有7％左右的塌方发生在流变段。其中Ⅳ类和Ⅴ类围岩在3个阶段都可能发生塌方，Ⅲ类围岩则很少在流变段发生塌方。Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类围岩则基本不会发生较大规模的塌方。对深入了解隧道围岩的变形规律，为隧道灾害防治、选择恰当的支护时机和支护方式很有意义。

英文摘要：

A characteristic of the surrounding rock deformation in tunneling is its tempo - spatial effect. According to the velocity, the deformation process can be generally divided into three phases, namely rapid deformation phase, steady deformation phase and rheologic phase. Based on the summary of the three phase classification about surrounding rock deformation, this paper focuses on both spatial and time effects of surrounding rock deformation, according to the field data which measured at the D -5H measuring section in Zhongliangshan tunnel. Spatial effect mainly acted in the first phase, resisted mainly by surrounding rock and primary lining. The time effect mainly acted in the third phase. Furthermore, the relationships among tempo - spatial effects and surrounding rock class and cave -in accidents are analyzed. The results show that more than 80% cave - ins happened in the first phase, 13% in the second, only about 7% in the third. Cave - in may happen in all the three phases in classⅣ and Ⅴ surrounding rock tunnel. For class Ⅲ, there were a few in rheologic phase. Nearly no cave - in happened in the class Ⅰ and Ⅱ surrounding rock sections. It is significant for comprehending the law of surrounding rock deformation in detail, and is propitious to prevent and cure the tunnel hazards.