中文摘要：

石墨烯作为一种新型的二维碳材料,在高性能纳米电子器件、复合材料、场发射材料、气体传感器及能量存储等领域具有非常重要的应用前景.然而,大规模可控合成高质量的石墨烯仍然面临巨大的挑战,其中比较有效的方法之一是在金属衬底上生长石墨烯.本文总结了近年来在金属衬底上生长石墨烯的机理研究方面取得的重要进展,从初始阶段、成核阶段、长大过程3个方面进行了介绍,最后还介绍了氢气在石墨烯生长过程中所起的重要作用,以期对石墨烯生长机理的深入研究及大规模可控制备提供帮助.

英文摘要：

Graphene, a new type of carbon material with a two-dimensional crystalline structure, has a wide range of applications in areas such as nanoelectronics, composite materials, field emitters, gas sensing, and energy storage. The scalable mass production of high-quality graphene is still a challenge. The growth of graphene on transition-metal surfaces has been studied extensively because of its efficiency. In this review, recent progress in studies of the growth mechanism of graphene on transition-metal surfaces is discussed. The mechanism, which involves the initial activation of a hydrocarbon, nucleation, and formation of an extended graphene sheet, and the effects of the hydrogen environment are summarized.