中文摘要：

“心理理论”指个体理解自己和他人的愿望、信念、意图等心理状态并据此推测他人行为的能力。心理理论在发展心理学和社会神经科学两个领域中都是研究热点。伴随着心理学发展的多样化，在目前的心理理论的研究中，发展心理学家和社会神经科学家应该增加彼此间的交流。当前，关于心理理论发展的解释理论主要包括模块论、模拟论、理论论和执行阐释．每一个理论都得到了社会神经科学研究的支持和质疑。在心理理论的神经机制证据方面，有四个问题构成了挑战。在未来．应该考察心理理论相关大脑区域的结构和功能的变化；考察训练或遗传对心理理论能力及其大脑区域的影响；还应该采用经颅磁刺激去检验与模拟化、概念进步和执行功能相关的大脑区域。

英文摘要：

Theory of mind （TOM） refers to the ability to represent one＇s own and others＇ desire, belief, intention , and so on, in order to predict other＇s behaviors. ToM is a critic research question in both development psychology and so- cial neuroscience. As the field of psychology diversifies, in the present in the study of ToM, developmental psychol- ogists and social neuroscientists should increase communication with each other. Currently, theory of mind include modularity theories, simulation theories, theory theory and executive accounts, each theory was supported and ques- tioned by social neuroscience research. At least, four issues currently have challenged the neural evidence for ToM. In the future, we should focus on structural and functional changes in brain areas associated with ToM development; and we should also examine training or genetic＇s influence on neural changes that accompany ToM development and use transcranial magnetic stimulation to examine the brain areas that associate with simulation, conceptual advances, and executive function.