中文摘要：

微生物燃料电池能够在处理有机污染物的同时回收电能，这种变废为宝的优势使其成为研究的热点。文章回顾了微生物燃料电池的发展历程，着重从反应器构型与材料、运行条件及电子传递机制等方面，系统地阐述了近年来研究的动向与进展，总结了微生物燃料电池可应用的领域，并针对当前研究的不足与面临的问题，提出了今后微生物燃料电池的发展方向与应用前景。

英文摘要：

Microbial fuel cells which can recover electricity energy through degradation of organic pollutants have received great attentions. The course of development of microbial fuel cells was reviewed, and research progress was systematically expounded, focusing on reactor configuration and material, operational conditions and mechanism of electron transfer. Based on deficiency and problems faced, the trend of development was also proposed.