中文摘要：

从小尺度血细胞到地球表面大尺度的山脉，表面褶皱现象无处不在．受自然界这些起皱模式的启发，研究人员在构筑表面褶皱方面已经取得很大进展．本文讨论了高分子基体表面褶皱的形成机理，归纳了利用表面失稳构筑表面褶皱的方法和表面褶皱的应用现状．首先讨论了高分子基体表面起皱的机理，引入了理论公式．高分子基体自身的不稳定性和外部刺激是其表面失稳的主要原因．其次着重介绍了表面褶皱的分类及其不同构筑方法，包括薄膜／基底双层体系、渐变型基体、同质型基体表面褶皱的构筑，以及可逆褶皱、多级褶皱和三维褶皱的构筑．最后介绍了表面褶皱的应用研究进展．表面褶皱由于具有形貌和尺度易于调控、构筑方法简易多样等优点，可用于微流控、微印刷、柔性电子器件、超疏水表面、薄膜力学测量、荧光信号增强、表面拉曼增强、表面黏附增强等领域．

英文摘要：

Wrinkles are ubiquitous in nature across multiple length scales, from corrugated blood cells to bulking mountains. Inspired by these wrinkling patterns in nature, researchers have made much progress on the fabrication of surface wrinkles,with a series of practical applications from microfluidics to metrology. Here we provide a systematic review on the fundamental mechanisms, fabrication methods and applications of surface wrinkles. Firstly, a theoretical model used to describe the mechanical behaviour of a soft material covered with a hard skin is introduced. The instability of the polymer matrix and the external stimulation are the main reasons for the instability of the surface. The external stimulations can he either physical ones such as mechanical force and thermal gradient, or chemical ones such as surface reactions induced by thermal or photo irradiation, or the both. The wavelength of the buckles is influenced by the thickness of the skin layer, the elastic moduli and the Poisson＇ s ratio of the skin and the soft substrate. The fabrication methods are discussed in the second part of the review based on the classification of the surface wrinkles, namely, layered system, gradient film and homogeneous film. Layered films are composed of two or more layers with dissimilar mechanical properties,which, in general, are the easiest to be constructed. The elastic substrate is usually deformed before covering the skin layer. Gradient films are formed due to the gradual crosslinking of the film leading to gradual mechanical properties. In homogeneous films, however, wrinkling patterns are usually generated by swelling or heating a polymeric thin film to initiate the volume expansion. The approaches to tailor wrinkle orientation and geometry through controlling mechanical properties and thickness of the film or substrate are emphasized. In addition to the fabrication of typical wrinkles, a few new studies on the generation and application of reversible wrinkles, hierarchical wrinkles and three dimensional wrinkles