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中文摘要：
本文综合考虑出行者出行行为、交通系统运行状态及交通系统能耗之间的关系，建立公交车和私家车双模式下的随机用户均衡模型以及交通系统达到平衡状态的总能耗模型．结合交通系统外部效应的特点和道路收费的经济学原理，以最小广义费用为上层目标函数，建立考虑能耗的双层规划模型，阐明了出行需求管理政策通过调节出行行为来控制交通能耗的机理．将交通政策抽象化代入所建立的双层规划模型．算例分析表明，该模型能够定量地反映实施道路拥挤收费和公交优先措施等策略在不同交通需求情况下对交通能耗的影响．
英文摘要：
Taking the relationship between travel behavior, operating state and energy consumption of the transport system into account, a stochastic user equilibrium model with dual-mode of bus and private car has been established. Meanwhile, the total energy consumption model in the equilibrium state of transport system has been derived. According to the characteristics of externality and economic principles of road pricing, a bi-level programming model which regards the generalized cost as the upper objective function has been set up to probe the effect of travel demand management policies on regulating travel behaviors and the energy consumption. Various policies have been abstracted and imported into the bi-level programming models. The example shows that the influence of traffic energy consuming can be quantitatively reflected by implementing road pricing and public transport priority with the model under different traffic demands.
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