中文摘要：

近年来,随着纳米技术的发展及Pickering乳液在食品、化妆品、医药等领域中的应用,纳米粒子的界面自组装现象引起了人们的广泛关注。界面能的降低是纳米粒子液液界面自组装的主要驱动力。通过改变纳米粒子的尺寸和表面配体的化学性质,可控制纳米粒子的界面自组装行为。本文综述了不同类型纳米粒子实现界面自组装的研究工作,包括均质纳米粒子、Janus纳米粒子、棒状纳米粒子以及生物纳米粒子。最后,对纳米粒子的界面组装这一领域的可能发展做了展望。

英文摘要：

Self-assembly of nanoparticles at interfaces has become the focus of extensive studies since the phenomenon of Pickering emulsion, known as a fact that solid particles can spontaneously migrate onto fluid/ fluid interface forming monolayer or multilayer, acting as the “surfactant” to stabilize the emulsion, was firstly established in early 20th century. Using interface, especially fluid/fluid interface, to guide the directed assemblies of nanoparticles is of great scientific interest for the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry. For liquid/liquid interface-induced assembly, reduction of the interfacial energy is the dominating driving force. Self- assembly processes can be controlled by tuning the sizes of the nanoparticles as well as the chemical characteristics of the ligands on the particle surfaces. In this review, self-assembly behavior of different types of nanoparticles, including homogeneous, Janus-type, rod-type, and biological nanoparticles, and their applications are summarized. All these studies have shed new light on the basic understandings of self-assembly of nanoparticles at interfaces and widened the application fields of nanoparticles. The hierarchically ordered structures generated by self-assembly of nanoparticles could find extensive applications in various fields, such as optics, acoustics, electricity, magnetics, medicine, etc. Furthermore, the limitation and future development in the field of self-assembly of nanoparticles at interfaces are elucidated.