中文摘要：

不同的气候记录都能起到恢复古气候、古环境的作用．本文以曾纪泽日记为例，将日记资料中的气象信息定量化分级．获得前器测时代精确到24h以内的高分辨率古气象资料，并统计分析比较了1870--1890年间北京、长沙、南京三地日记记载时空范围内的降水和云量的特征与差异．印证了前人研究的水灾事件记录．对比前人研究的厄尔尼诺事件记录，揭示了日记资料中反映的北京和长沙地区降水对厄尔尼诺事件的不同响应方式：厄尔尼诺年北京冬季显著偏干．北京降雨量最高的年分都是厄尔尼诺年的次年．长沙地区降雨量增多与厄尔尼诺事件相关性好．这一个案研究表明，从日记中获取高时空精度的连续气象资料是可行的，通过日记资料集成恢复前器测时代古气候，从而更有证据地研究气候变化大环境下的时空变化特征是一个有潜力的研究方向．

英文摘要：

Ancient climate patterns may be recovered from a number of types of human records. In this contribution, daily records of ancient weather conditions between 1870 and 1890 are recovered from the diary by Zeng Jize,an official in the Qing Dynasty. Time series of precipitation and cloud cover within the space time extension of the diary are derived and analyzed on the basis of quantitative coding. There are different rain fall and cloud cover patterns among the regions of Beijing, Changsha and Nanjing. Further, the climate events as identified for Beijing and Changsha indicate that these two regions had responded differently to E1 Nino events. This case study shows that it is feasible to obtain long time series of ancient weather records from personal diaries; a synthesis of the diaries scattered over the countries would provide a high quality data set for ancient climate change studies.