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中文摘要：
固井后井筒内压力的变化可能导致水泥环破坏或使水泥环产生塑性变形,从而在第一界面或第二界面处产生微环隙。基于Mohr-Coulomb准则,建立了套管-水泥环-围岩组合体弹塑性分析模型,对套管内压力加载和卸载过程进行分析,以界面拉力大小判定是否产生微环隙,并给出了微环隙大小的计算公式。使用该模型对前人的气窜实验进行模拟,理论结果与实验结果相符。分析结果表明,微环隙的产生由加载和卸载过程共同决定。加载过程可能会使水泥环进入塑性,而卸载时内压降低将导致界面受拉,从而产生微环隙。第一界面、第二界面均可能产生微环隙,取决于界面胶结强度与界面拉力的关系。卸载时,第一界面拉力大于第二界面拉力,当两个界面胶结强度接近时,第一界面更容易产生微环隙。该模型可用于评价水力压裂等过程中水泥环密封失效的风险,为现场施工提供依据,从而降低井筒密封完整性失效的风险。
英文摘要：
The change of internal casing pressure could result in the failure of the cement sheath or the occurrence of the micro-annulus at the interface between the cement and the casing, or at the interface between the cement and the formation due to plastic deformation of the cement. In the hope to estimate the size of the micro-annulus, a theoretical model based on Molar-Coulomb yield criterion which considers the interaction among casing, cement sheath and formation is built. The plastic behavior of the cement sheath and the bonding strength at two interfaces are taken into account. Particularly, the initiation and the development of micro-annulus at two interfaces （casing-cement sheath interface and cement sheath-formation interface） are analyzed. This model is further used to simulate Jackson and Murphey＇s experiment, which studied the gas channeling in the annular space. Good agreement is found in general. Results show that both loading and unloading processes contribute to the initiation of the micro-annulus. Loading process may lead the cement sheath into plasticity. The radial stress at the interfaces turns into tensile stress during the unloading process. Micro-annulus could appear at both interfaces if the tensile stress exceeds the corresponding bonding strengths. If the bonding strengths at two interfaces are of similar magnitude, the micro-annulus would be more likely to appear at the casing-cement sheath interface due to its higher tensile stress. This model can be used to evaluate the risk of cement sealing failure, especially during the hydraulic fracturing, and lower the risk of zonal isolation failure.
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