中文摘要：

宏大峡谷是在科罗拉多高原的一个巨大的裂缝。它怎么并且什么时候发展了为将近 150 被辩论了 ? 年。大多数地质学家相信不平常的风景首先走水路被塑造侵蚀。这里，我们建议一个压力裂缝模型为宏大峡谷的起源提供其他的解释。这份报纸采用 brittleductile 由于 mantle-melting-induced 扩大模仿高原的变丑和 rifting 的两倍层模型。我们的结果证明热扩大和它的联系水平延期导致的 uplift 能引起以一个自顶向下的方法从易碎的表面延长到内在的可锻的层的开的破裂。另外，我们发现那阵发性高举能加深并且一起连接多重破裂形成一个更大的破裂网络。我们的调查结果建议宏大峡谷的形成可能被高原驾驶了高举并且它在外壳的扩展下面的联系 rifting，水侵蚀在那里在塑造克罗拉多河的功课起了仅仅一个次要的作用。新范例提供更简单的解释给一些包围峡谷的长期的地质的谜。

英文摘要：

The Grand Canyon is a massive rift in the Colorado Plateau. How and when it developed has been debated for nearly 150 years. Most geologists believe the unusual landscape was primarily shaped by water erosion.Here we propose a stress-rifting model to provide an alternative explanation for the origin of Grand Canyon.This paper adopts a brittle–ductile double layer model to simulate the deformation and rifting of the plateau due to the mantle-melting-induced expansion. Our results show that the uplift induced by thermal expansion and its associated horizontal extension can cause open fractures that extend from the brittle surface to the underlying ductile layer in a top-down way. In addition, we find that episodic uplift can deepen and connect multiple fractures together to form a larger fracture network. Our findings suggest that the formation of the Grand Canyon might have been driven by plateau uplift and its associated rifting under crustal extension, wherein water erosion played only a minor role in shaping the course of the Colorado River. The new paradigm provides simpler explanations to some of the long-standing geological mysteries surrounding the canyon.