中文摘要：

立足于节水抗旱的生理与遗传机制,对提高干旱条件下水稻产量有积极作用的避旱和耐旱两方面进行阐述,并结合过去多年的抗旱研究积累,提出了发展节水抗旱稻的策略与方法,主要包括4个方面：（ⅰ）可指导育种实践的抗旱性评价方法体系;（ⅱ）抗旱资源的抗旱性分析与发掘;（ⅲ）成功的节水抗旱稻育种技术流程;（ⅳ）强调注重理论研究成果的积累与育种工作相结合,从育成品种出发研究解析节水抗稻的分子机制.

英文摘要：

Water-saving and drought-resistance rice （WDR） is a new type of rice with not only high yields and good quality, but also water-saving and drought-resistance characteristics. When this crop is irrigated, its grain yields and quality are equivalent to those of paddy rice, but its water requirement is only half that of paddy rice. It retains good yields in uplands because of its drought resistance. Furthermore, the sowing and cultivation of this rice requires lower inputs and less energy, and thus, it is very environmentally friendly. Here, we summarize the physiological and genetic mechanisms of water saving and drought resistance in WDR varieties, and the achievements in WDR breeding and genetics in the past decade. We discuss： 1） drought avoidance and drought tolerance, both of which improve yields under drought stress; 2） methods to evaluate drought resistance that have been used in breeding programs; 3） analysis and discovery of drought-resistance gene resources; and 4） analysis of the molecular mechanism of WDR in WDR varieties.