中文摘要：

无需任何稳定和活化过程，采用MgO为模板剂，选择不同的碳前驱体可制备高比表面积且含有大量中孔的活性炭。综述了具体制备方法、制备条件对孔结构的影响、纳米孔结构形成机理、该方法的优点以及该法所得纳米中孔活性炭的应用前景。通过选择不同的MgO前驱体可调节活性炭中孔大小；而中孔和微孔的相对体积则由碳前驱体控制。采用该法制备的中孔炭作为电容器、吸附材料等在能源、资源和环境方面的应用前景相当广阔。

英文摘要：

Activated carbons with high surface areas and large mesopores were prepared from various carbon precursors using MgO template without any stabilization and activation processes. The preparation process, the effect of preparation conditions on the pore structure, the mechanism of the formation of nanoporous carbons, the advanta-ges of MgO template method and the applications of mesoporous carbons are reviewed. The pore size of carbons was tunable by selecting different MgO precursor; the relative volume between mesopores and micropores was controlled by carbon precursor. As electric capacitors and adsorbents, the mesoporous carbons prepared from MgO template method can be applied widely in the fields of energy, resources and environment.