中文摘要：

径向时频峰值滤波算法是一种有效保持低信噪比地震勘探记录中反射同相轴的随机噪声压制方法,但该算法对空间非平稳地震勘探随机噪声压制效果不理想.本文研究空间非平稳地震勘探随机噪声,即各道噪声功率不同的地震勘探随机噪声,其在径向滤波轨线上表征近似脉冲噪声,在径向时频峰值滤波过程中干扰相邻道滤波结果.为了减小空间非平稳随机噪声的影响,本文提出一种基于绝对级差统计量（ROAD）的径向时频峰值滤波随机噪声压制方法.该方法首先根据径向轨线上信号的绝对级差统计量检测空间非平稳地震勘探随机噪声,然后结合局部时频峰值滤波和径向时频峰值滤波压制地震勘探记录中的随机噪声.将ROAD径向时频峰值滤波方法应用于合成记录和实际共炮点地震记录,结果表明ROAD径向时频峰值滤波方法可以压制空间非平稳地震勘探随机噪声且不损害有效信号,有效抑制随机噪声空间非平稳对滤波结果的影响.与径向时频峰值滤波相比,ROAD径向时频峰值滤波方法更适用于空间非平稳地震勘探随机噪声压制.

英文摘要：

Seismic exploration is an important tool to search for oil and gas.However,the presence of strong random noise greatly degrades the quality of seismic data and brings difficulty to image geological structure in the subsurface.In seismic denoising methods,seismic random noise is usually assumed to be stationary Gaussian noise without consideration of its nonstationarity in space.In the condition of the complex surface area,it is a challenge to suppress spatially nonstationary seismic random noise,i.e.the power of seismic noise is variable in different seismic traces,by using these denoising methods.On the basis of the spatially nonstationarity,we propose a method to suppress seismic random noise attenuation by using the rank-ordered absolute difference and radial time-frequency peak filtering method（ROAD-RTFPF）.Radial time-frequency peak filtering（RTFPF）is an effective method to preserve seismicsignals when suppressing random noise in seismic data at low signal-to-noise ratio（SNR）.Based on the rank-ordered absolute difference（ROAD）,we propose the ROAD-RTFPF method to suppress spatially nonstationary random noise in seismic data at low SNR.Firstly,we introduce the concept of spatially nonstationary random noise to describe such noise with spatially changing power.The correlation integral of resampled data on radial traces are analyzed to demonstrate the nonstationarity of seismic noise in space.Secondly,the property of the spatially nonstationary random noise on the radial traces is analyzed and then used to improve the performance of RTFPF.Therefore,on the basis of calculating the values of ROAD,we conduct local timefrequency peak filtering for the resampled data on radial traces with high ROAD,which indicates the nonstationary part of seismic random noise.RTFPF is then applied to the processed data on radial traces to further suppress the random noise in seismic data.We calculate the correlation integral,the rank-ordered absolute difference on field seismic random noise data,and compare the perfor