基于全国气象站点、黄河流域及岔巴沟实验小流域的降水观测资料,研究了水文气象站点的空间分布与其生成降水的空间分辨率之间的关系。提出了有效分辨率的概念与计算方法,从观测资料中获得的信息与对资料精度需求的指标中即可确定出最合理的分辨率。在全国区域,采用国家气象局分布的723个观测站点数据,给出一定的精度要求指标后,可以算出有效分辨率分别为24.4km;在全黄河流域,采用760个水文观测站点,可以算出有效分辨率为3.23kin,岔巴沟实验流域有效分辨率可以达到0.38km。该成果为基于有限的观测站点生成合理的有效分辨率的降水,提供了关键的技术和科学的依据。
The relations among the distribution resolution of precipitation were studied. Based on of hydrological & meteorological gauges and the spatial the obseIved data, a formula for calculating the effective spatial resolution was established, which means that the most accurate spatial resolution can be concluded from the information abstracted from the observed data and the indexes on the demand for the accuracy of the data. It provides the scientific evidences for gaining precipitation with effective spatial resolution from limited observation data.