中文摘要：

利用1950—2010年HadISST1海表温度分析了1950—2010年南海海表温度的季节、年际、年代际变化规律和空间分布,并探讨了太平洋年代际振荡、厄尔尼诺/南方涛动、表面风和EI NioModoki对南海海表温度的影响.结果表明：南海海表温度存在显著的季节、年际和年代际变化,1975年左右发生1次由低到高的跃变;1950—2010年间南海海表温度具有显著的线性上升趋势,平均上升速率0.014℃/a,61a共升高0.84℃.南海海表温度异常场分别存在着全海域同位相振荡和东南—西北向反位相振荡2个主要模态,前者是主要模态,以年际振荡为主,而后者则是次要模态,以季节振荡为主.南海海表温度在秋、冬、春季呈现由南向北逐渐减低的特征,夏季在越南沿岸有一冷中心,受季风影响显著,其分布季节变化明显,冬、夏季表面风场的季节转换会影响南海海表温度季节性区域特征.EI NioModoki事件发生时,西太平洋的偏冷水通过巴拉望海峡传到南海,同时大气环流也发生了异常,从而导致南海海表温度下降.

英文摘要：

Based on the HadISST1 sea surface temperature（SST） data from 1950 to 2010,the seasonal,interannual,and interdecadal variations,and the spatial distribution of the SST in the South China Sea（SCS） from 1950 to 2010 were studied.The influences of the Pacific decadal oscillation,surface wind,and ENSO Modoki on the SST in the SCS were examined.The results show that the SST in the SCS exhibits significant seasonal,interannual,and interdecadal variations,and experienced a climate jump from low to high in 1978.The SST in the SCS linearly increased at an average velocity of 0.015 ℃/a from 1950 to 2010,and raised 0.84 ℃ totally.The SST anomaly fields of the SCS in the SST have two major patterns： interannual in-phase oscillation and seasonal out-of-phase oscillation between the southeast and northwest directions.The SST in the SCS decreases gradually from south to north in autumn,winter,and spring,and a cool center exists at the Vietnam coast in summer.The seasonal variation of the SST in the SCS exhibits different spatial distributions,which is influenced obviously by monsoon.The seasonal transfer of the surface wind field in winter and summer has an influence on the SST seasonal regional characteristics.In the Modoki ENSO event,the cold water of the western pacific flows into the SCS though Palawan strait,and the atmospheric circulation anomalies occur,which cause SST to decrease.