中文摘要：

微小RNA（micro RNAs,miRs）是在真核生物中发现的一类内源性的具有调控功能的非编码RNA。心肌梗死（myocardial infaction,MI）是导致心脏重构和慢性心力衰竭的常见心血管事件,诸多miRs被发现在MI的病理生理机制中发挥重要作用。miRs对心肌细胞的存活及增殖活性有多方面影响,这些特性在治疗MI等缺血性心脏病中有着重要的指导意义。本文首先引入MI及miRs的研究概况,随后详细介绍了在心肌细胞存活及增殖中承担一定角色的miRs,最后展望了miRs应用于MI治疗的前景并提出局限性。

英文摘要：

MicroRNAs （miRs）, initially discovered in eukaryotes, are endogenous small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression. Myocardial infarction is a common cardiovascular event resulting in cardiac remodeling and subsequent chronic heart failure. A number of miRs have been reported to regulate important pathophysiological processes of myocardial infarction. They have multiple effects on the survival and proliferation of cardiomyocytes, which is of great significance to myocardial infarction and other ischemic heart diseases. In this review we introduced the general knowledge of myocardial infarction and miRs, and described several miRs which are crucial for survival and proliferation of cardiomyocytes. We also discussed the therapeutic potential and limitations of miRs in future treatment of myocardial infarction.