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中文摘要：
畜禽粪便和生活污水是造成水体污染的主要因素之一.快速、准确地确定污染源对于水体污染防治尤为重要.近年来,基于线粒体DNA（mtDNA）种属特异性的污染物溯源技术已成为国际研究热点.本文综述了水体粪便污染的mtDNA溯源技术的理论基础及其应用进展,并通过与微生物溯源技术进行比较,分析了mtDNA作为溯源标记物的优势以及存在的问题,从而为实际环境水体中粪便污染的生物溯源工作提供参考.
英文摘要：
Water environment is often contaminated by human and animal feces containing nutrients including carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus,as well as virulent pathogens.Correct and rapid identification of the pollution sources is considered crucial to mitigate the influence of such contamination.Mitochondrial DNA,coming directly from a host cell,is considered as an excellent genetic marker for fecal source tracking（FST）due to its high host-specificity and detection sensitivity.This paper summarizes the advances and applications of mitochondrial DNA source tracking based on comparisons with microbial source tracking,highlighting the potentials and limitations of mitochondrial DNA source tracking.As a new method,mitochondrial DNA source tracking has to be improved based on more thorough researches before it is used for routine water analysis in the future.
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