中文摘要：

阐明痰的性状、不同咳痰时间、痰量和性别对疑似肺结核病人痰涂阳率的影响。收集2010年11月-2012年6月新疆南、北疆主要地区怀疑有活动性肺结核而去当地医院就诊的患者痰液。采用痰直接涂片、萋-尼抗酸染色、光学显微镜镜检,统计不同性状、不同咳痰时间、不同量的痰标本以及性别对痰涂片阳性率的影响。在接受检查的2018份痰标本中,有470份涂片阳性痰,其中男性313例,女性157例,痰的性状和不同咳痰时间在两种性别之间均与涂片阳性有关;但痰量仅在女性患者与涂片阳性相关。痰的性状、不同咳痰时间和痰量均与涂阳率相关。疑似结核病的女性应至少提供3mL痰液以用于涂片镜检。鼓励疑似结核病患者留取合格痰标本,以提高阳性检出率,便于更好的防治结核病。

英文摘要：

To elucidate the impact of sputum appearance,different time of expectorating,sputum volume and sex on smear positivity of the patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis（TB）.Methods：From November 2010 to June 2012,we collected specimens from patients in Xinjiang who were suspected to have active pulmonary TB and then received treatment in local hospitals.Using sputum smear and Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast stain,we analyzed the impact of different sputum,appearance,time of expectorating,sputum volume and sex on smear positivity of pulmonary TB.Results：Among 2018 samples for screening,470 samples were positive by smear,including 313 male samples and 157 female samples.The sputum appearance and different time of expectoration were associated with the smear positivity in both sexes,while the volume impacted it only in female patients.Conclusion：The appearance and time of expectoration and volume of sputum are both associated with smear positivity.Furthermore,the female patients with suspected pulmonary TB should supply 3ml sputum at least for smear microscopy and we should encourage them to expectorate the qualified sputum specimens to increase the smear-positive rate,facilitate better prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.